【Explained】How to Get a Car with Bad Credit History?

You can get a car with bad credit through specialized subprime lenders, credit unions, buy here pay here dealerships, co-signers, or dealer financing programs, though expect interest rates between 13-22% APR and typically need 10-20% down. The key to success lies in understanding all available options, preparing proper documentation, and avoiding predatory lending practices that can trap you in an unaffordable loan.

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Key Takeaway: Your Path to Car Ownership with Bad Credit

Getting approved for auto financing with bad credit is definitely possible in 2025, but it requires strategic planning and realistic expectations. According to recent data, borrowers with credit scores below 600 face average interest rates of 18.90% for used cars and 13.38% for new cars, compared to just 7.15% and 5.27% for those with excellent credit[1]. However, five proven financing paths can help you secure a vehicle despite credit challenges.

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The most effective approaches include finding a creditworthy co-signer, working with credit unions that offer more flexible terms, or using specialized subprime lenders who understand your situation. According to Autvex financing experts, success often depends more on having stable income and a reasonable down payment than on your credit score alone. With proper preparation and the right lender, you can get approved and begin rebuilding your credit through responsible auto loan management.

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Understanding Your Credit Situation

What Credit Score Do You Need for a Car Loan?

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While there's no universal minimum credit score for auto loans, understanding where you fall on the credit spectrum helps set realistic expectations. Experian categorizes credit scores into five distinct ranges that directly impact your financing options[1]:

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  • Super Prime (781-850): Best rates, typically 5-7% APR
  • Prime (661-780): Standard rates, around 6-9% APR
  • Non-Prime (601-660): Moderate rates, 10-14% APR
  • Subprime (501-600): High rates, 13-19% APR
  • Deep Subprime (300-500): Highest rates, 16-22% APR
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Currently, subprime borrowers represent less than 6% of new car loans and under 25% of used car loans, indicating tighter lending standards in 2025[2]. However, lenders evaluate more than just your credit score. They consider your debt-to-income ratio, employment stability, and down payment amount when making approval decisions.

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Checking Your Credit Report Before Applying

Before approaching any lender, obtain your free credit reports from AnnualCreditReport.com to understand exactly what dealers will see. Studies show that 79% of credit reports contain errors, and disputing these mistakes can potentially improve your score by 20-100 points within 30 days[3].

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Common errors to look for include:

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  • Accounts that aren't yours
  • Incorrect payment histories
  • Duplicate accounts
  • Wrong credit limits or balances
  • Outdated negative information (over 7 years old)
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Understanding your credit factors helps you address weaknesses proactively. Payment history accounts for 35% of your score, while credit utilization represents 30%. Knowing the car buying timeline allows you to improve these factors before applying.

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5 Proven Ways to Get a Car with Bad Credit

Option 1: Apply with a Co-Signer

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Adding a co-signer with good credit (typically 700+ FICO score) is often the fastest path to approval with better terms. The co-signer's creditworthiness can reduce your interest rate by 5-10 percentage points, potentially saving thousands over the loan term[4].

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Co-signer requirements typically include:

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  • Credit score of 670 or higher
  • Stable income for at least 2 years
  • Debt-to-income ratio below 40%
  • Willingness to be equally responsible for the loan
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Benefits extend beyond approval—you'll likely qualify for higher loan amounts and longer repayment terms. However, the co-signer takes significant risk, as missed payments affect their credit and they're legally obligated to pay if you default. This arrangement works best with trusted family members who understand the responsibilities involved.

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Option 2: Subprime Auto Lenders

Specialized subprime lenders have emerged as major players in bad credit auto financing. Companies like Prestige Financial specifically work with borrowers who've filed bankruptcy, while Credit Acceptance Corp. considers unemployed applicants with alternative income sources[5].

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Online lenders offer distinct advantages over traditional banks:

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  • Pre-qualification without hard credit pulls
  • 24/7 application availability
  • Faster approval decisions (often same-day)
  • More flexible underwriting criteria
  • Direct deposit funding options
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The pre-qualification process lets you compare rates from multiple lenders without damaging your credit. Capital One Auto Finance and Carvana both offer this feature, showing estimated rates and terms based on soft credit inquiries. These preliminary offers help you negotiate better at dealerships by knowing your baseline financing options.

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Option 3: Buy Here Pay Here Dealerships

Buy here pay here (BHPH) dealerships serve as both the car seller and lender, making them accessible for borrowers with severe credit problems or recent bankruptcies. Industry data shows the average BHPH interest rate is 14.4% at major chains like America's Car Mart, though rates can range from 12.9% to over 20%[6].

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How BHPH actually works:

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  • No traditional credit check required
  • Weekly or bi-weekly payment schedules
  • Average loan amount of $12,000 with $1,300 down
  • In-house financing decisions (often same-day)
  • Vehicle serves as collateral
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The pros include guaranteed financing and potential credit rebuilding if they report to bureaus. However, cons include limited vehicle selection (typically older models with 80,000+ miles), GPS tracking devices, and aggressive repossession policies. Understanding appropriate mileage helps evaluate whether BHPH inventory meets your needs.

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Option 4: Credit Union Financing

Credit unions consistently offer the most favorable terms for bad credit borrowers, with rates typically 2-3% lower than banks or dealers. River City Federal Credit Union, for example, offers bad credit auto loans starting at 500 FICO scores with personalized support throughout the process[7].

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Member benefits that improve approval odds:

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  • Relationship-based lending decisions
  • More flexible debt-to-income requirements
  • Lower minimum loan amounts
  • Financial counseling services
  • Potential for manual underwriting
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Building a banking relationship before applying strengthens your position. Open a checking account, set up direct deposit, and maintain positive balances for 2-3 months before requesting an auto loan. According to Autvex research, credit union members have 15% higher approval rates than non-members for subprime auto loans.

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Option 5: Dealer Financing Programs

Manufacturer-backed financing programs occasionally offer special deals for credit-challenged buyers. During model year-end sales or when clearing inventory, brands may relax credit requirements to move vehicles.

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Current manufacturer programs for bad credit:

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  • GM Financial: Accepts scores as low as 550
  • Ford Credit: Offers second-chance financing
  • Chrysler Capital: First-time buyer programs
  • Nissan Motor Acceptance: Flexible credit tiers
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In-house dealer financing differs from manufacturer programs and typically costs more. However, negotiation opportunities exist—dealers often mark up interest rates by 2-4% to increase profit. Knowing your pre-approved rate from another lender gives leverage to negotiate dealer financing down to competitive levels.

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Documentation and Requirements

Essential Documents Checklist

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Bad credit applicants need extensive documentation to prove creditworthiness beyond their score. Incomplete paperwork is the **#1 reason for delayeapprovals, so prepare everything in advance[3].

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Must-have documents include:

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  • Last 2 months of pay stubs showing year-to-date earnings
  • Previous 2 years of W-2s or tax returns
  • Last 3 months of bank statements
  • Proof of residence (utility bill, lease agreement)
  • Valid driver's license and insurance
  • List of references (5-10 personal and professional)
  • Down payment proof (bank statement showing funds)
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Additional helpful documentation:

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  • Letter explaining credit issues (job loss, medical bills)
  • Proof of additional income (side jobs, child support)
  • Evidence of paid collections or discharged bankruptcy
  • Professional licenses or certifications
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Meeting Minimum Requirements

Most lenders have baseline requirements regardless of credit score. The minimum monthly gross income threshold is typically $1,800-$2,000, though some accept $1,500 with a co-signer[8]. Your debt-to-income ratio should stay below 50%, including the new car payment.

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Down payment expectations vary by credit score:

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  • Near Prime (601-660): 10% typically sufficient
  • Subprime (501-600): 15-20% recommended
  • Deep Subprime (below 500): 20-30% often required
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Employment stability matters significantly—lenders prefer 2+ years at the same job or in the same field. If you've changed jobs recently, bring documentation showing consistent income history. Self-employed borrowers need additional proof including bank statements, tax returns, and possibly a CPA letter verifying income.

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Improving Your Approval Chances

Quick Credit Score Improvements

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While major credit repair takes months, specific actions can boost your score within 30-60 days. Focus on quick wins that demonstrate financial responsibility to lenders.

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30-day action plan:

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  1. Pay down credit cards below 30% utilization (can increase score 20-40 points)
  2. Become an authorized user on someone's good account
  3. Dispute all errors on credit reports
  4. Pay off small collections (under $100)
  5. Request goodwill deletions for late payments
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60-day improvements:

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  • Set up payment plans for larger collections
  • Pay off any judgments or tax liens
  • Reduce total debt by 10-15%
  • Open a secured credit card if you have none
  • Request credit limit increases on existing cards
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Reducing credit utilization has the fastest impact. If your cards are maxed out, even paying them down to 70% utilization can improve your score. Researching vehicles in advance gives you time to implement these improvements before applying.

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Saving for a Larger Down Payment

A substantial down payment dramatically improves your approval odds and loan terms. Each additional 5% down can reduce your interest rate by 0.5-1%, making the vehicle more affordable long-term[2].

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Benefits of 20% or more down:

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  • Instant equity protects against depreciation
  • Lower monthly payments improve affordability
  • Shorter loan terms become feasible
  • Gap insurance may not be needed
  • Shows serious commitment to lenders
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Creative ways to save quickly:

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  • Sell unnecessary items online
  • Take on temporary side work
  • Use tax refunds strategically
  • Borrow from 401(k) (carefully)
  • Trade in current vehicle if owned
  • Cash in savings bonds or investments
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Interest Rates and Loan Terms for Bad Credit

Current market rates vary significantly based on credit score and vehicle type. According to Q2 2025 data, here's what bad credit borrowers can expect[1]:

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Credit CategoryNew Car APRUsed Car APRAvg Monthly Payment
Non-Prime (601-660)9.97%13.95%$784 new / $527 used
Subprime (501-600)13.38%18.90%$762 new / $533 used
Deep Subprime (300-500)15.97%21.58%$736 new / $532 used
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New vehicles typically offer lower rates despite higher prices because they're less risky for lenders. The vehicle serves as better collateral, and manufacturer incentives sometimes subsidize rates. However, depreciation concerns mean you'll be underwater on the loan longer.

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Understanding APR versus total cost is crucial. A $20,000 loan at 18% for 72 months costs $7,290 in interest, while the same loan at 48 months costs $4,625 in interest despite higher monthly payments. Shorter terms save money if you can afford them.

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Step-by-Step Application Process

Getting Pre-Approved

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Pre-approval strengthens your negotiating position and helps you shop confidently. Apply with multiple lenders within a 14-day window—credit scoring models count these as a single inquiry, minimizing score impact[4].

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The strategic application sequence:

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  1. Check your credit score first (no impact)
  2. Get pre-qualified online (soft pulls only)
  3. Apply to your top 3 choices (hard pulls)
  4. Compare offers side-by-side
  5. Negotiate with your preferred lender
  6. Secure final approval letter
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Understanding soft versus hard inquiries prevents unnecessary credit damage. Soft pulls for pre-qualification don't affect your score, while hard pulls for actual applications temporarily reduce it by 5-10 points. Use pre-qualification tools from Capital One, Carvana, and Credit Karma to gauge your options before formal applications.

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Choosing the Right Vehicle

Realistic budgeting prevents future financial strain. Financial experts recommend keeping total transportation costs under 15% of gross income, including payment, insurance, gas, and maintenance[3].

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Best vehicles for bad credit approval tend to be:

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  • Popular models with strong resale value
  • Vehicles 2-4 years old (avoiding new car depreciation)
  • Fuel-efficient models reducing operating costs
  • Certified pre-owned with warranties
  • Models under $20,000 to minimize loan amount
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New versus used considerations go beyond price. New cars often qualify for manufacturer incentives and longer warranties, but depreciate rapidly. Even entry-level luxury models can offer special financing, though insurance costs may be prohibitive.

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Finalizing the Deal

Reading the fine print prevents costly surprises. Focus on these critical contract elements:

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Key items to verify:

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  • Interest rate matches pre-approval
  • No prepayment penalties
  • GAP insurance necessity and cost
  • Extended warranty terms if purchased
  • All fees clearly itemized
  • Truth in Lending disclosure accuracy
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Avoid unnecessary dealer add-ons that inflate costs:

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  • Paint protection ($300-500 markup)
  • Fabric protection ($200-400 markup)
  • Window etching ($200-300 markup)
  • Nitrogen tire fills ($50-100 markup)
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Spot delivery warnings: If you drive off before financing is finalized, you're vulnerable to "yo-yo financing." The dealer may call days later claiming financing fell through, demanding higher rates or down payments. Always ensure financing is completely approved before taking delivery.

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Red Flags and Scams to Avoid

Predatory lenders target desperate borrowers with tactics designed to maximize profit. According to consumer protection agencies, these warning signs indicate potential scams[6]:

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Major red flags:

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  • "Guaranteed approval" claims (legitimate lenders always have standards)
  • Interest rates above 25% APR
  • Loans longer than vehicle's expected life
  • Required purchase of credit insurance
  • Blank spaces in contracts
  • Pressure to sign immediately
  • Fees not disclosed until signing
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Yo-yo financing affects 1 in 5 subprime borrowers. Dealers let you drive off, then call claiming the bank rejected financing. They demand the car back unless you accept worse terms. Protect yourself by getting financing approval in writing before taking possession.

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Hidden fees can add thousands to your loan:

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  • Documentation fees over $300 (negotiate down)
  • Dealer prep fees (often already included)
  • Advertising fees (dealer's cost of business)
  • Market adjustment markups (pure profit)
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Building Credit Through Your Auto Loan

Your auto loan becomes a powerful credit-building tool when managed properly. Payment history represents 35% of your FICO score, making on-time car payments crucial for improvement[9].

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Ensure your lender reports to all three credit bureaus—not all do, especially BHPH dealers. Get written confirmation before signing that they report positive payment history to Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion. Without this reporting, your payments won't improve your credit.

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Credit improvement timeline:

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  • 6 months: Score increases 20-30 points with perfect payments
  • 12 months: Qualify for credit card offers
  • 18 months: Consider refinancing at lower rates
  • 24 months: Score improvement of 50-75 points typical
  • 36 months: May qualify for prime rates on next purchase
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Refinancing opportunities emerge as your credit improves. After 12-18 months of on-time payments, check refinancing options with your current lender and others. Even a 2-3% rate reduction saves thousands over the remaining loan term.

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Alternative Transportation Options

If traditional financing proves impossible or too expensive, consider these alternatives:

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Lease takeovers let you assume someone else's lease, often with little money down and no credit check from the leasing company. Websites like LeaseTrader and Swapalease facilitate these transfers. You'll need to qualify with the leasing company, but requirements are often more flexible since you're taking over an existing agreement.

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Personal loans for cheaper vehicles might offer better terms. Some credit unions provide personal loans at 10-15% APR even for fair credit, compared to 20%+ for subprime auto loans. This works best for vehicles under $10,000 where you can pay cash to a private seller.

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Car-sharing programs provide temporary solutions while improving credit:

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  • Zipcar: $9-15/hour or $80-100/day
  • Turo: Peer-to-peer rentals from $30/day
  • Enterprise CarShare: Monthly memberships available
  • Maven: GM's car-sharing service in select cities
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Delaying purchase to improve credit often makes financial sense. Moving from deep subprime (500) to subprime (600) can reduce your interest rate by 5-7%, saving $100-200 monthly on a typical loan[2]. Six months of credit improvement could save thousands over the loan term.

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Key Takeaways

  1. Credit scores below 600 qualify for financing but expect 13-22% interest rates
  2. Credit unions offer the best rates for bad credit, typically 2-3% below other lenders
  3. 20% down payment dramatically improves approval odds and reduces interest rates
  4. Pre-approval from multiple lenders within 14 days counts as single credit inquiry
  5. Buy here pay here should be last resort due to high costs and limited selection
  6. Co-signers can reduce rates by 5-10% but share equal responsibility for the loan
  7. Refinancing after 12-18 months of good payments can significantly lower your rate
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Decision Path / Next Steps

Based on your specific credit situation, follow this action plan:

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If your score is 600-660 (Near-Prime):

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  1. Apply for pre-approval at 2-3 credit unions
  2. Get online quotes from Capital One and Carvana
  3. Negotiate with dealers using pre-approval
  4. Aim for 10-15% down payment
  5. Choose reliable used vehicles under $25,000
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If your score is 500-599 (Subprime):

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  1. Save for 20% down payment first
  2. Consider adding a co-signer if possible
  3. Apply with specialized subprime lenders
  4. Focus on vehicles $15,000 or less
  5. Plan to refinance after 12 months
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If your score is below 500 (Deep Subprime):

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  1. Explore credit union membership first
  2. Consider delaying purchase 3-6 months to improve credit
  3. Save for 25-30% down payment
  4. Research BHPH as last resort only
  5. Focus on basic reliable transportation under $10,000
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Remember, according to Autvex experts, your auto loan is a stepping stone to better credit. Choose an affordable payment you can maintain for the full term, as successful completion improves your score by 50-75 points on average. This positions you for prime rates on your next vehicle purchase.

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Take action today by checking your credit report, calculating an affordable payment, and beginning your down payment savings. With proper preparation and the right lender, car ownership with bad credit is absolutely achievable in 2025.

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FAQs

Can I get a car loan with a 500 credit score?

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Should I get a car loan from a bank or dealership with bad credit?

What credit score is too low for a car loan?

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Is it better to wait and improve credit or buy a car now?

How much should I put down on a car with bad credit?

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Can I get approved for a car loan if I just filed bankruptcy?

Multiple auto loan applications within 14-45 days (depending on scoring model) count as a single inquiry, so rate shopping won't significantly impact your score—typically just 5-10 points total. This shopping window allows you to compare offers from multiple lenders without damaging your credit. Just ensure all applications are for auto loans specifically, not mixed with credit cards or other loan types.

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References

  1. Experian. (2025). Average Car Loan Interest Rates by Credit Score. Retrieved from https://www.experian.com/blogs/ask-experian/average-car-loan-interest-rates-by-credit-score/
  2. U.S. News & World Report. (2025). Average Auto Loan Rates in October 2025. Retrieved from https://cars.usnews.com/cars-trucks/advice/average-auto-loan-interest-rates
  3. Federal Trade Commission. (2025). Free Credit Reports. Retrieved from https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/free-credit-reports
  4. Credit Karma. (2025). 7 Car Loans for Bad Credit in 2025. Retrieved from https://www.creditkarma.com/auto/i/auto-loans-for-bad-credit
  5. CNBC Select. (2025). The Best Car Loans for Bad Credit. Retrieved from https://www.cnbc.com/select/best-car-loans-for-bad-credit/
  6. National Alliance of Buy-Here Pay-Here Dealers. (2025). Industry Benchmarks and Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.bhphdealers.com/
  7. River City Federal Credit Union. (2025). Auto Loans for Bad Credit. Retrieved from https://www.rivercityfcu.org/bad-credit-auto-loan
  8. Bankrate. (2025). Auto Loan Rates & Financing in 2025. Retrieved from https://www.bankrate.com/loans/auto-loans/rates/
  9. myFICO. (2025). What's In Your FICO Score. Retrieved from https://www.myfico.com/credit-education/whats-in-your-credit-score
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