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Quattro is Audi’s all-wheel drive (AWD) system that distributes engine power to all four wheels for improved traction, stability, and handling[1]. The name comes from the Italian word for “four”[2]. Unlike standard two-wheel drive systems, quattro continuously adjusts torque distribution between front and rear axles based on road conditions, making it particularly effective in rain, snow, and high-performance driving situations[1].
How Quattro Works
At its core, quattro uses a central differential to split power between the front and rear axles[1]. Most quattro-equipped models operate with a default 40:60 front-to-rear torque split, giving them a slightly rear-biased feel for sportier handling[2]. However, when sensors detect wheel slip or changing conditions, the system can shift significantly more power to whichever axle has better grip.
The system includes several key technologies:
- Central Differential: Splits power between front and rear axles, typically starting at 40% front / 60% rear[2]
- Torque Vectoring: Sends more power to individual wheels with the most grip during cornering[1]
- Electronic Differential Lock (EDL): Uses the ABS system to brake spinning wheels and redirect torque to wheels with traction[3]
- Electronic Stability Control (ESC): Works with quattro to constantly monitor and adjust power delivery for stability[4]
This combination allows quattro to adapt within milliseconds to changing road surfaces, making it effective for both everyday driving and performance applications[1].
Types of Quattro Systems
Audi uses several different quattro systems depending on the vehicle platform and intended use[5]. Understanding these differences helps buyers choose the right model for their needs.
Self-Locking Crown Gear Differential
This is the most common quattro system, found in models like the A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, Q5, Q7, and Q8[5]. It uses a mechanical crown gear center differential that can send up to 70% of torque to the front wheels or up to 85% to the rear wheels when needed[6]. This permanent, full-time AWD system provides the most consistent all-weather performance.
Key benefit: Mechanical operation means instant response without electronic lag.
Quattro with Ultra Technology
Introduced on newer models like the A4 and A4 allroad, quattro ultra is a part-time system that operates in front-wheel drive by default and engages the rear axle only when additional traction is needed[5]. The system uses two clutches that can engage the rear axle in less than 250 milliseconds, while sensors predict AWD demand 500 milliseconds ahead[7].
Key benefit: Improved fuel efficiency while maintaining quattro capability. All-wheel drive remains permanently available, just not permanently active[8].
Haldex-Based Quattro
Used in smaller, transverse-engine models like the A3, S3, Q2, Q3, and TT, this system employs a Haldex clutch to engage the rear wheels when the front wheels lose traction[6]. It’s front-wheel drive dominant but can send up to 50% of power to the rear[5].
Key benefit: Compact packaging for smaller vehicles while still providing AWD capability.
For details on A3 and Q3 models with this system, see our A3 buying guide and Q3 model pages.
R8 Quattro (Viscous Coupling)
The mid-engine R8 supercar uses a unique system with an electrohydraulic multi-plate clutch integrated in the front differential[9]. It can relay torque to the front wheels within milliseconds when sensors detect traction loss.
Electric Quattro (e-tron)
Audi’s electric vehicles use separate electric motors on each axle, creating a simpler but highly effective quattro system[9]. With no mechanical connection between axles, the system can react instantly and distribute torque with precision impossible in mechanical systems. For owners considering electric options, understanding Audi charging capabilities is equally important.
Quattro System Comparison Table
| System Type | Models | Default Split | Max Power Transfer | Fuel Efficiency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crown Gear Differential | A4-A8, Q5, Q7, Q8 | 40:60 F/R[2] | Up to 85% rear[6] | Standard |
| Quattro Ultra | A4 allroad, select A4/A5 | FWD default[5] | Full AWD on demand | Improved |
| Haldex | A3, Q3, TT | FWD dominant | Up to 50% rear[5] | Good |
| e-tron Electric | e-tron, Q4/Q8 e-tron | Variable | 100% either axle | Best |
Quattro vs Competitors
Audi Quattro vs BMW xDrive
BMW’s xDrive system is rear-wheel drive biased with a 40:60 front-to-rear split under normal conditions[10]. The key difference is xDrive can send up to 100% of torque to either the front or rear axle, while quattro maxes out at around 85% to the rear[11]. This makes xDrive more performance-focused, while quattro offers stronger mechanical grip and all-terrain confidence[12].
Audi Quattro vs Mercedes 4MATIC
Mercedes 4MATIC uses a 45:55 front-to-rear power distribution and is entirely electronically controlled[10]. It works closely with the anti-lock braking system and electronic stability program to regulate torque to each wheel individually. While not as sporty as quattro or xDrive, 4MATIC provides exceptionally stable, confidence-inspiring handling in challenging conditions[10].
| Feature | Quattro | xDrive | 4MATIC |
|---|---|---|---|
| Default Split | 40:60 F/R[2] | 40:60 F/R[10] | 45:55 F/R[10] |
| Max Rear Bias | 85%[6] | 100%[11] | Variable |
| System Type | Mechanical + Electronic | Electronic | Fully Electronic |
| Character | Balanced grip[12] | Sportiest[12] | Most stable[12] |
Quattro Maintenance and Reliability
Quattro systems are generally reliable, but they do require periodic maintenance[13]:
- Haldex systems: Require fluid and filter changes every 20,000-30,000 miles to prevent pump failure[13]
- Crown gear systems: Differential fluid should be checked every 40,000 miles[13]
- All systems: Wheel speed sensors should be inspected for dirt or damage periodically
Common quattro problems include Haldex pump failures, electronic control module faults, and fluid degradation[13]. Warning signs include AWD warning lights, front wheels spinning excessively before AWD engages, and unusual noises during turns[13].
For comprehensive ownership cost information, see our Audi longevity guide.
Which Audi Models Have Quattro?
For 2025, quattro is now standard on the A3, making it available across nearly the entire Audi lineup[14]. Key models with quattro include:
- Sedans: A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, and all S/RS variants
- SUVs: Q3, Q5, SQ5, Q7, Q8, RS Q8
- Electric: Q4 e-tron (55 models), Q8 e-tron, SQ8 e-tron
- Sports Cars: TT, R8
Most Q-series SUVs come with quattro as standard equipment[14]. For sedan models, buyers should verify whether quattro is included or optional on their specific trim level.
Key Takeaways
- Quattro is Audi’s all-wheel drive system, distributing power to all four wheels for improved traction, stability, and handling
- Different quattro types exist: crown gear (permanent AWD for A4+), ultra (efficiency-focused), Haldex (smaller models), and electric (e-tron)
- Most quattro systems use a 40:60 front-to-rear default split, with up to 85% of torque transferable to the rear when needed
- Compared to BMW xDrive and Mercedes 4MATIC, quattro offers the strongest mechanical grip, while xDrive is sportiest and 4MATIC is most stable
- Quattro requires periodic maintenance, especially Haldex systems which need fluid changes every 20,000-30,000 miles
Frequently Asked Questions
Is quattro worth the extra cost?
Quattro adds $2,000-$4,000 to most Audi models but provides significant benefits in traction, stability, and resale value. For drivers in regions with snow, rain, or unpaved roads, quattro is worth the investment. Even in dry conditions, quattro improves launch traction and cornering confidence[1].
Does quattro hurt fuel economy?
Traditional quattro systems reduce fuel economy by 1-3 mpg compared to front-wheel drive equivalents due to mechanical drivetrain losses. However, quattro ultra addresses this by operating as FWD when AWD isn’t needed[8]. Electric quattro (e-tron) systems have minimal efficiency impact since power routing is electronic.
Is Haldex quattro real quattro?
Haldex-based quattro (used in A3, Q3, TT) is mechanically different from the crown gear system used in larger Audis[15]. It’s front-wheel drive dominant and engages the rear only when needed. Some enthusiasts prefer the mechanical “real” quattro in A4 and larger models, but Haldex systems still provide genuine all-wheel drive capability and improved traction[5].
How does quattro compare to Subaru AWD?
Subaru’s symmetrical AWD and Audi quattro both offer full-time all-wheel drive, but they differ in approach. Quattro typically offers more torque variation (up to 85% rear) while Subaru maintains closer to 50:50 distribution. Both are highly capable in snow and inclement weather[6].
Can quattro be turned off?
No, quattro cannot be turned off in most models. The system operates automatically, adjusting torque distribution based on conditions. Quattro ultra does decouple the rear axle when not needed for efficiency, but the driver has no manual control over this[8].
References
- Stratstone. (2023). What is Audi Quattro All-Wheel Drive and How Does it Work? https://www.stratstone.com/blog/what-is-audi-quattro/
- Carbuyer UK. (2024). What is Audi quattro all-wheel drive? https://www.carbuyer.co.uk/tips-and-advice/170257/audi-quattro-all-wheel-drive-explained
- Wikipedia. (2024). Quattro (four-wheel-drive system). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quattro_(four-wheel-drive_system)
- Audi Orange Park. (2024). Exploring the Power and Precision of Audi Quattro Technology. https://www.audiorangepark.com/audi-quattro-technology-jacksonville.htm
- Audi of Huntington. (2025). Understanding Audi’s quattro All-Wheel Drive: An In-Depth Guide. https://www.audiofhuntington.com/blog/2025/april/3/audi-quattro-all-wheel-drive-in-depth-guide.htm
- YouTube – GommeBlog. (2018). Audi quattro AWD DIFFERENCES – Torsen vs Centre Differential vs Haldex vs Ultra. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mCbVd8mMUJw
- Driving.ca. (2024). Driven Wheels: A deep dive into Audi’s quattro AWD systems. https://driving.ca/features/winter-driving/audi-quattro-awd-systems
- Audi Magazine Australia. (2017). quattro ultra. https://magazine.audi.com.au/article/quattro-ultra
- Audi USA Media Center. (2018). Deep dive on 40 years of Audi quattro all-wheel-drive. https://media.audiusa.com/releases/403
- YouTube – Tech Link. (2023). Audi Quattro vs. BMW xDrive vs. Mercedes 4Matic – AWD – What’s the Difference? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vr1ES8uOuvY
- Reddit r/Audi. (2022). Quattro vs xDrive vs 4matic, what are the pros and cons of each? https://www.reddit.com/r/Audi/comments/skk3tr/quattro_vs_xdrive_vs_4matic_what_are_the_pros_and/
- YouTube – Gadgets Demon. (2025). Which German AWD is King? Audi Quattro vs BMW xDrive vs Mercedes 4MATIC Full Detailed Comparison. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vCKrnvWkpeI
- Steve’s Automotive Specialists. (2025). Fixing Audi Quattro System Issues. https://stevesautomotivespecialists.com/fixing-audi-quattro-system-issues/
- Audi USA Media Center. (2024). Audi updates 2025 model lineup with streamlined trim structure. https://media.audiusa.com/releases/612
- Reddit r/Audi. (2023). “Real” Quattro or Quattro-Ultra. https://www.reddit.com/r/Audi/comments/18eupw9/real_quattro_or_quattroultra/
I am a senior automotive analyst at Autvex. Expert vehicle evaluations, in-depth reviews, and objective analysis helping readers make informed automotive decisions with years of industry experience.
